My First Interview On My Father Jimmy Lee Riley - 806 Words

e I decided to do my second interview on my Grandfather Jimmy Lee Riley .He was born August 17.1947 in Macon Georgia.I choose him as my second interviee because i was interested to learn more about his background and what challenges did he face in the past. The interview consisted of a few questions that explained his childhood,prior experiences with discrimination,and perceptions about today. We started off the interview with a brief description of who he was and what the term discrimination meant to him.Jimmy Riley is a successful African American business owner ,a roofing contractor, and a courageous man of god. he defined the term discrimination as an unfair treatment or judgement based on a person or person race ,age ,gender,age,or religious beliefs. He described his childhood as very hard but full of memories that will last him a lifetime.Growing up in a time period where a lot of of history was made in america can be life changing He grew up in a predominately black suburban neighborhood located on the south side of macon..he described the area as peaceful compared to the way it is now 20-30 years later.Now Drugs and violence are major issue that are turning peaceful safe communities into dangerous ghettos. I moved along to ask about what history took place and how these events were significant He elaborated on powerful topics such as segregation within public places,the civil rights movement,and social reform.Three main events that stood out the most were in May 17,Show MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesDiversity Management Strategies 56 Attracting, Selecting, Developing, and Retaining Diverse Employees 56 †¢ Diversity in Groups 58 †¢ Effective Diversity Programs 58 Summary and Implications for Managers 60 S A L Self-Assessment Library What’s My Attitude Toward Older People? 40 Myth or Science? â€Å"Dual-Career Couples Divorce Less† 47 An Ethical Choice Religious Tattoos 51 glOBalization! Images of Diversity from Around the Globe 54 Point/Counterpoint Men Have More Mathematical Ability Than Women

Diversity Within The Workplace Has Become A Priority For...

Diversity in the workplace has become a priority for managers in many companies worldwide. This drive toward diversity has been stimulated by dramatic shifts from manufacturing jobs away from advance capitalism economies, a rise in service sector jobs, and, in some cases, a sincere business ethic. Diversity is generally defined as recognizing, understanding, and accepting an individual based on their differences and is typically classified into two categories. The primary category, age, gender, sexual orientation, etc., depicts the most noticeable differences between individuals. The secondary category, religion, education, geographical location, income, etc., are those that are not noticeable in the first encounter and can even change†¦show more content†¦This order also established the President’s Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity. Three years later, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 went further, ending discrimination in any activity. The promotion of workplace diversity as a whole continued to go on, setting a policy to promote equal employment chances. This was made possible by avoiding the discrimination of diverse characteristics such as nationality, race, skin color, etc. and moving towards a principle that to be fair, one needs to be committed to treating everyone equally (Dike, 2013). The changing composition of the labor force, in terms of ethnicity and gender, has driven businesses and organizations to reconsider their views on diversity in the workplace. In the past, American businesses have sought a workplace uniformity of workers who shared the same values, beliefs, and attitudes about work and the organization they worked for. They also believed that individuals with differences should be eliminated (Root, 2014). For many years, Corporate America adopted the â€Å"white male† model for the workplace. Managers used those who already held positions in the organization as role models, since they possessed the appropriate s kills and behaviors required for these positions. These jobs were typically held by white males, and newcomers to the organization were required to possess or at least adopt skills and behaviors exhibited by those already there. This view implied that minorities and women possessed

Marxs Ideal Society Essay Example For Students

Marxs Ideal Society Essay One of the greatest debates of all time has been regarding the issue of the freedom of mankind. The one determining factor, for Marx, it that freedom is linked with class conflict. As a historian, Karl Marx traced the history of mankind by the ways in which the economy operated and the role of classes within the economy. For Marx, the biggest question that needed to be answered was Who owns freedom? With this in mind, Marx gives us a solution to both the issues of freedom and class conflict in his critique of capitalism and theory of communism, which is the ideal society for Marx. His theory of communism is based on the ultimate end of human history because there will be freedom for all humankind. Marx saw communism as the ideal society because it is the genuine resolution of the conflict between man and man- the true resolution of the strife between existence and essencebetween freedom and necessity that capitalism fosters. Marx was also committed to the notion that theory and actio n go hand in hand. Marx dismissed earlier thinkers because they (philosophers) have only interpreted the world in various ways; the point, however, is to change it. He also stated Ideas cannot carry out anything at all. In order to carry out ideas men are needed who can exert practical force. However, Marx would have been appalled by the way his theory of communism was misused. It can be said, though, that Marxs theory of communism was clearly open for interpretation because he failed to offer principles or guidelines of even the most general kind for how the system of communism was to be fully established. It was this opportunity for interpretation that made Marxs theory of communism doomed for failure when it was used in practice. Marxs theory stems from the social conditions existing during his lifetime. This was when the industrial revolution was hitting its stride. Great technological advances were being made to the modes of production, especially in the areas of agriculture an d textiles. This was the main factor that drove peasants from the countryside to find work in the cities. In addition, capitalism had emerged as the dominant form of economics. Marx contended that class is based upon the economic conditions of society. He identified class through the history of the changing modes of production. In a capitalist society there are five classes: the landed aristocracy, the bourgeoisie (large-scale capitalists), the petty bourgeoisie (small-scale capitalists), the proletariat (the masses of workers), and the lumpen proletariat (the social degenerates). Marx dismissed the relevance of all but two of these classes, the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, because they didnt have any real impact on society as a whole. They werent in a position to exploit labor. His theory focuses on the conflict and antagonism between those who owned the modes of production, the bourgeoisie, and those who were forced into selling their labor to them, the proletariat. As Marx sa w it, class is about the transfer of surplus (profit) from below and the exercise of power from above. The class with the means of material production also has the means of intellectual control. Those in charge have a political doctrine to control their interests, at whatever cost. This led to what Marx terms brain colonization. The concept of ideology was used in the defense of capitalism. It was a strategy used to support the system and keep the workers concerns quieted. Liberalism was the ideology used by the bourgeoisie. Marx said, Liberal ideology is used to blind the workers to the injustice of exploitation. It was an official veil to persuade the masses that they are free by extolling the myths of progress to them. They argued that since slavery was no longer used for labor, the workers were indeed free. The workers were also told to find happiness and freedom through religion for their material conditions were as they should be. Marx claimed that religion was merely an opiat e for the masses. Basically, they were told to trust in the system and with future progress their situations would improve. This false consciousness was necessary to keep the proletariats minds from ideas of rebellion. He questioned what would happen if it stopped working. Would the liberals turn to the real drug to continue the myths of the bourgeoisie? It is interesting to note that Marx also saw the benefits of capitalism. He claims that capitalism is not evil, just outdated. He agreed that it was a very efficient means of production. However, he asserts that capitalism leads to social dislocation, when workers are forced to find work elsewhere, and human suffering, the alienation of workers. The end result from this will be the collapse of capitalism. History is constantly changing and that a new class war was inevitable, one between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie.Alienation of the workers, for Marx, was seen as imposed on a class that has to bear all the burdens of society without enjoying its advantages. This alienation forces that class into the most decided antagonism to all other classes. Furthermore, it is the capitalists system that necessitates such alienation. In a capitalist society, over the long term, fewer and fewer people will own the means of production and the proletariat will be ever increasing. This happens because of the bourgeoisies need to protect and maximize profits. Although Marx believed that human identity and consciousness should be attained from the work one does, this could not come about in a capitalist system where profits come before human needs. The bourgeoisie could quite effectively keep their profits increasing by denying workers any kind of benefits. As a humanist, Marx wanted to expose the proletariat to their horrible exploitation by the bourgeoisie. He said that they should wake up and look at the world for what it really was.There was no sense in being a romantic and buying into the ideology you were told, seek to find the real truth. Therefore, humanity is denied, in favor of profits, by keeping workers degraded and dehumanized. Man exists as an object of his work, which is repetitive and gives him no claim to ownership of that work. In other words, man lives solely as an extension of the machine he operates. Humanity is also denied by mans living conditions. With more and more rural peasants flocking to the cities for factory work, slums quickly developed. The economic conditions of the proletariat were the sole basis of how the capitalist system operated. In order to maintain and maximize profits, the bourgeoisie kept wages as low as possible, increased the hours of a standard work day, did away with traditions such as giving workers holidays and Sundays off, and by replacing, wherever possible, human workers with machines.The dream of making a better living never materializes for these people. And because of their conditions, they are still lacking the most basic freedoms of life, mos t importantly, the freedom to love themselves. The ultimate vision of freedom for Marx is when the proletariat is separated from the work that alienates them and denies them an identity and humanity. Marx thought, the economic arrangements of a communist system will end the exploitation of any group. According to Marx, since the systems of production are organized by the exchange of the products being produced, the value placed on those products is socially determined. In turn, the principle source of the value of a commodity (product) is the labor that produced it. This value changes over time in a capitalist market system because the bourgeoisie will find ways of making workers more productive. Due to this change in value, the alienation of workers will grow to unbearable degrees, due to the previously mentioned tactics of the bourgeoisie; this would be the catalyst for the proletariat to rise to revolution against the bourgeoisie. According to Marx, there are three phases necessa ry for the transition from capitalism to communism. The first is the universal uprising of the proletariat in a socialist revolt to overthrow the bourgeoisie. He claimed that the emancipation of the working class must be achieved by the working class itself. The second socialist phase is the dictatorship of the proletariat, which itself constitutes no more than a transition to the abolition of all classes and to a classless society.Marx claims that a dictatorship is necessary during this phase to prevent a counter-revolution of the capitalists. The final phase is communism, when the capitalist mentality has been eliminated from the world. At this the point man attains true freedom. For it is only when the real, individual man reabsorbs in himself the abstract citizenonly when man has recognized and organized his own powers as social forces, and consequently no longer separates social power from himself in the shape of political power, only then will human emancipation have been acco mplished.In communism, the interests of the proletariat are represented in all society. This is the ultimate end of human history because there would be no more scarcities, only a happy situation of plenty. All people would take from society only what they needed and contribute to their fullest capabilities. There would be no need for any type of government because the communist society would be altruistic and unselfish. This would also be end to the state itself because everyone would be morally pure. Therefore, communism would be a society without an exchange economy, class, or state. Anne Frank EssayBibliographyBakunin: The Philosophy of Freedom, Brian Morris, Black Rose Books, 1993. Marxism and Class Theory, Frank Parkin, Columbia University Press, 1979. Marx: A Clear Guide, Edward Reiss, Pluto Press, 1997. Revolution and Counter-revolution in Germany, Frederick Engels, Foreign Languages Press, 1977. Capital, Karl Marx, Progress Publishers, 1971. German Ideology, Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, International Publishers, 1996. European Democracies, Jurg Steiner, Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers Inc., 1998. The Outlook: Worker-Capitalists of the World Unite, Jacob M. Schlesinger, The Wall Street Journal, Monday, November 15,1999. Philosophy

Philippine Literacy in the Pre-Spanish Era - Position Paper free essay sample

Philippine Literacy in the Pre-Spanish Era Literacy is defined as the ability to read and write common symbols. Literacy used to be a very simple idea that only involves a person’s ability or skill to read and write his/ her country’s writing system. Today, literacy has been intertwined into many different aspects and has been branded by the evolving society as having the competence to progress continuously with globalization. Through time literacy has branched out numerously and somehow acquired a criterion that people should live up to, for them to be considered literate. Workplace literacy is having the skill to perform and understand symbols and ideas like reports, graphs, and instructions. Critical literacy means knowing how to apply one’s skill for improvements, and sometimes prevention in different aspect of life; and to be computer literate one has to know how to navigate and perform computer commands (Morgan, Walter Morgan 1999). We will write a custom essay sample on Philippine Literacy in the Pre-Spanish Era Position Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The English language is also viewed as one factor that affects a person’s literacy because it is a common language used all over the world. It is very often that non-native speakers of English study it to become their second language. Global organizations, Governments and businesses use English to communicate information, campaigns and business deals. In the Philippines, English in an important factor in achieving a successful and comfortable life (Wikipedia: English Language 2012). To quote the Wikipedia it says: â€Å"Literacy represents the lifelong, intellectual process of gaining meaning from print. Key to all literacy is reading development, which involves a progression of skills that begins with the ability to understand spoken words and decode written words, and culminates in the deep understanding of text. (Wikipedia: Literacy 2012) Evidently, literacy has developed levels that are considered to be the standard in our society. Despite the society’s views on literacy and how important it clearly is in the progression of individuals, I still believe that it is important for citizens to value their ancestral culture and norms, and in the Philippine setting this includes the ancient writing which has been alienated for many years. Filipino ancient writing was unlike many countries. Ancient Filipinos wrote for pleasure, to communicate and to create literature. The first time that the Spaniards came in the Philippines they did not find any kind of writings, what they did not discover early on was that Filipinos wrote on bamboos and leaves. In an account by Fr. Juan Francisco de San Antonio in 1735 he said: â€Å"up to the present time there has not been found a scrap of writing relating to religion, ceremonies, or ancient political institutions†. Ancient Filipinos were not considered about politics and sciences; they were simply enjoying the pleasure of writing. To spread Christianity, the Spaniards published Doctrina Christiana in Tagalog Script. We already know what happened next, Christianity spread and the Spaniards took over the Philippine Islands. On the site I read, a couple of theories were provided on how the Tagalog script has become extinct, and mostly involves the Spaniards influence and authority over the Filipinos. It may have been the burning of the scripts, imposition of rules by the Spaniards or it could simply be because of the evolution brought about by conquerors, but the main point is, the Filipinos developed new languages from diverse influences and eventually drifted away from its own ancient language. (Santos, 1996) Ancient Filipino script may now be completely irrelevant to literacy based on how the society views literate citizens. However, it is important to emphasize the value of traditional writing to Filipinos. Knowing where we came from promotes a sense of nationalism and may increase a person’s level of self-view. Most people feel inferior when they are unable to perform certain skills or speak fluently in English or Tagalog, but if we start altering our mindset into thinking that each Filipino dialect is as good as Tagalog or English, we might have a chance at helping each other grow as Filipino citizens.

Definition and Examples of Non Sequiturs

Definition and Examples of Non Sequiturs Definition A non sequitur is a  fallacy in which a conclusion does not follow logically from what preceded it. Also known as  irrelevant reason and fallacy of the consequent. As illustrated below, non sequiturs are the products of many different kinds of errors in reasoning, including begging the question, false dilemma, ad hominem, the appeal to ignorance, and the straw man argument. Indeed, as  Steve Hindes observes in Think for Yourself  (2005), A  non sequitur  is any pretended jump in  logic  that doesnt work cleanly, perhaps because of unfounded  premises, unmentioned complicating factors, or alternative explanations, such as This war is righteous because we are French! or You will do what I say because you are my wife! The Latin expression non sequitur means it does not follow. Pronunciation: non SEK-wi-terr Examples and Observations We realize that it would be in the best interest of the community and our children to address the issue expeditiously. In order to make this happen, I respectfully request an eight-month payment delay calling for payment of the $10 million obligation on August 31, 2015.(Savannah City Manager Stephanie Cutter in a letter to the citys superintendent of schools; reported in the Savannah Morning News, April 3, 2014)Warming was caused by sunspots, or fluctuations in the Earths orbit, or volcanic eruptions. Therefore it cannot be caused by mankind. The therefore is the giveaway, the delicious non sequitur: just because Earth has warmed for one or another reason in the past is no reason why it cannot warm for a completely different reason in the future.(John Llewellyn, In a Confusing Climate. The Observer, September 2, 2007)A Philosophers Non SequiturImmanuel Kant, considered by many to be the greatest philosopher of the modern period, would manage to let slip what is surely the greatest no n-sequitur in the history of philosophy: describing a report of something seemingly intelligent that had once been said by an African, Kant dismisses it on the grounds that this fellow was quite black from head to toe, a clear proof that what he said was stupid.(Justin E.H. Smith, The Enlightenments Race Problem, and Ours. The New York Times, February 10, 2013) Obvious Non SequitursNon sequiturs are most obvious when absurd. For instance, from the facts that most cats like milk and some cats have tails I could not derive the conclusion that David Hume was the greatest British philosopher. That would be a complete non sequitur that borders on the surreal, whether or not its conclusion is true. Non sequiturs are often advertised by the spurious use of so and therefore..., but the context of a statement can also suggest that it is a conclusion derived from what has gone before even when there is no such word used to indicate it.Any formal fallacy will have a non sequitur as its conclusion, though most of these non sequiturs will be less obvious than the one above.(Nigel Warburton, Thinking from A to Z. Routledge, 1996)Non Sequiturs in NewspapersNon sequiturs are most often encountered in newspapers, where constructions such as the following are common: Slim, of medium height, and with sharp features, Mr. Smiths technical skills are combined wi th strong leadership qualities (New York Times). What, we might ask, do Mr. Smiths height and features have to do with his leadership qualities?†(Bill Bryson, Brysons Dictionary of Troublesome Words: A Writers Guide to Getting It Right. Anchor, 2002) The Post Hoc and the Non SequiturThe difference between the post hoc and the non sequitur fallacies is that, whereas the post hoc fallacy is due to lack of a causal connection, in the non sequitur fallacy, the error is due to lack of a logical connection.(Mabel Lewis Sahakian, Ideas of the Great Philosophers. Barnes Noble, 1993)On the Lighter Side: Ralph Wiggums Non SequitursRalph Wiggum: Um, Miss Hoover? Theres a dog in the vent.Miss Hoover: Ralph, remember the time you said Snagglepuss was outside?Ralph Wiggum: He was going to the bathroom.(Sweet Seymour Skinners Baadasssss Song, The Simpsons)Ralph Wiggum: Martin Luther King had a dream. Dreams are where Elmo and Toy Story had a party and I was invited. Yay! My turn is over!Principal Skinner: One of your best, Ralphie.(The Color Yellow, The Simpsons, 2010)

3 Types of Intermolecular Forces

3 Types of Intermolecular Forces Intermolecular forces or IMFs are physical forces between molecules. In contrast, intramolecular forces are forces between atoms within a single molecule. Intermolecular forces are weaker than intramolecular forces. The interaction between intermolecular  forces may be used to describe  how molecules interact with each other. The strength or weakness of intermolecular forces determines the state of matter of a substance (e.g., solid, liquid, gas) and some of the chemical properties (e.g., melting point, structure). There are three major types of intermolecular forces: London dispersion force, dipole-dipole interaction, and ion-dipole interaction. Key Takeaways: Intermolecular Forces Intermolecular forces act between molecules. In contrast, intramolecular forces act within molecules.Intermolecular forces are weaker than intramolecular forces.Examples of intermolecular forces include the London dispersion force, dipole-dipole interation, ion-dipole interaction, and van der Waals forces. Heres a closer look at these 3 intermolecular forces, with examples of each type. London Dispersion Force The London dispersion force is also known as LDF,  London forces, dispersion forces, instantaneous dipole forces, induced dipole forces, or the induced dipole-induced dipole force The London dispersion force is the weakest of the intermolecular forces.This is the force between two nonpolar molecules. The electrons of one molecule are attracted to the nucleus of the other molecule, while repelled by the other molecules electrons. A dipole is induced when the electron clouds of the molecules are distorted by the attractive and repulsive electrostatic forces. Example:  An example of London dispersion force is the interaction between two methyl (-CH3) groups. Example: Another example is the interaction between nitrogen gas (N2) and oxygen gas (O2) molecules. The electrons of the atoms are not only attracted to their own atomic nucleus, but also to the protons in the nucleus of the other atoms. Dipole-Dipole Interaction Dipole-dipole interaction occurs whenever two polar molecules get near each other. The positively charged portion of one molecule is attracted to the negatively charged portion of another molecule. Since many molecules are polar, this is a common intermolecular force. Example:  An example of dipole-dipole interaction is the interaction between two sulfur dioxide (SO2) molecules, where the sulfur atom of one molecule is attracted to the oxygen atoms of the other molecule. Example: H​ydrogen bonding is considered a specific example of a dipole-dipole interaction always involving hydrogen. A hydrogen atom of one molecule is attracted to an electronegative atom of another molecule, such as an oxygen atom in water. Ion-Dipole Interaction Ion-dipole interaction occurs when an ion encounters a polar molecule. In this case, the charge of the ion determines which part of the molecule attracts and which repels. A cation or positive ion would be attracted to the negative part of a molecule and repelled by the positive part. An anion or negative ion would be attracted to the positive part of a molecule and repelled by the negative part. Example:  An example of the ion-dipole interaction is the interaction between a Na ion and water (H2O) where the sodium ion and oxygen atom are attracted to each other, while the sodium and hydrogen are repelled by each other. Van der Waals Forces Van der Waals forces are the interaction between uncharged atoms or molecules. The forces are used to explain the universal attraction between bodies, the physical adsorption of gases, and the cohesion of condensed phases. The van der Waals forces include Keesom interaction, the Debye force, and the London dispersion force. So, van der Waals forces include intermolecular forces and also some intramolecular forces. Sources Ege, Seyhan (2003). Organic Chemistry: Structure and Reactivity. Houghton Mifflin College. ISBN 0618318097. pp. 30–33, 67.Majer, V. and Svoboda, V. (1985). Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds. Blackwell Scientific Publications. Oxford. ISBN 0632015292.Margenau, H. and Kestner, N. (1969). Theory of Inter-molecular Forces. International Series of Monographs in Natural Philosophy. Pergamon Press, ISBN 1483119289.

Contemporary opportunities and problems that confront IBM Company Essay

Contemporary opportunities and problems that confront IBM Company - Essay Example In relation to the study the company which has been selected is the giant company which provides services such as infrastructure hosting as well as consulting services in a wide range of areas including the emerging technologies such as nanotechnology. As a business organization, IBM was founded in 1911 through a merger of three companies and has since then grown to become a market leader in the computing industry. For example, IBM was recently ranked to be the largest U.S firm in terms of its market capitalization and number of employees. The company has however undergone a number of organizational changes since its inception and some of these changes have resulted in new challenges while others have been affected in order to keep pace with the changes in the industry. The growth of IBM as a business organization has been faced with both opportunities and problems in the recent past and even today. The company lacks identity the execution clocks in this successful processor by half reduce the cache size by four or eight times which has made the elimination of l3 cache a problem as well as reduced the problem of reduction of instruction execution width to one. Despite numerous challenges such as increased competition from its market rivals, IBM has continued to refocus its business strategies into taking advantages of the numerous opportunities for growth that have been witnessed in the computing industry. Some the recent key areas of strategic investments for the company include strategic acquisitions, maintaining leadership in technology as well as developing client and industry specific solutions to its growing customer base.

Truth Is Far from Stereotypes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 21

Truth Is Far from Stereotypes - Essay Example Based on some personal or sometimes even generally accepted opinions, we may often get mistaken making the first opinion about another person. This, hence, causes prejudice and that is unfair towards the people living nearby, for any kind of prejudice is an unsupported by facts subjective belief. A similar situation has happened to me. It was several years ago when I first visited Puerto Rico. Preparing for the trip I was somewhat unsure of what to expect. I thought a completely new and, consequently, a strange and hostile environment was waiting for me. This impression was enhanced by my idea that I would be a stranger, a foreigner among the natives. At that time I was seeing Puerto Rico as a completely different world, absolutely different from what I’m used to in the ordinary day-to-day life. I guess such expectations and thoughts were the results of my unawareness of the major cultural and national traits of the land’s population. I, actually, knew nearly nothing about them, and probably that is why I was so unsure of what to expect. On the other hand, I believe no matter how much information you can get from the media, your real-life impressions will be much different from everything you learned in theory. So, I got to my destination.  

Type of Business, Purpose, Ownership and Influence Essay Example for Free

Type of Business, Purpose, Ownership and Influence Essay Describe the type of business, purpose and ownership of contrasting organisations. TESCO PLC Tesco plc. (Public limited company) is a global grocery and general merchandise retailer, headquartered in Cheshunt in the United Kingdom. Tesco is the third largest retailer in the world, measured by revenues and the second largest, measured by profit. Tesco has around 5380 stores around the world; David Reid is the chairman and Philip Clarke. Most of the people think that Tesco is an international business however; Tesco is defined as a global business because as mentioned before, it has a large number of stores in 14 countries across Asia, Europe and North America. Tesco is in the tertiary sector and is the leader grocery market leader in the UK; it has a market share of 30%. It also is the market leader in Malaysia, Republic of Ireland and Thailand. Tesco’s ownership is based in a lot of shareholders. Dagenham Park Leisure Centre Dagenham Park Leisure Centre is a public organisation, which means that is own by the government, in this case Barking Dagenham council. As we can see from the name it is located in Dagenham and it’s a local organisation and is part of the tertiary sector. The main purpose of this organisation is to offer the local community facilities such as a fitness suite, a dance studio, a meeting room, a sports hall, a climbing wall and much more facilities so people can practice different types of sports, dance and even hire rooms to organise meetings. . Describe the different stakeholders who influence the purpose of these contrasting organisations. TESCO PLC In Tesco we can identify different stakeholders such as investors/shareholders (owners), customers, employees, suppliers and financiers. Investors/shareholders are very important stakeholders in Tesco as they are the owners and will obviously want it to do well because otherwise they will not make a profit. Without investors/shar eholders there wouldn’t be any funds, so Tesco would be able to carry on as a business. Also if Tesco isn’t making profit, the investors/shareholders will have to sell their shares and invest in other business that will give them profit; with this, Tesco’s shares could decrease and if they decrease a lot, Tesco could go bankrupt and this would be bad for everyone, customers, employees, suppliers and financiers. The customers are also very important. Tesco like most businesses need their customers because they are the businesses income as the customers are the people who buy Tesco’s products. The customers are a bit like a pressure group because they apply pressure to Tesco to meet their needs. Meeting the customer’s needs can be things such as expanding their stores or giving more variety on certain products. Basically, a customer wants quality goods at a low cost. They would also want a variety of products to choose from and it is Tesco responsibility to provide them what they want otherwise if Tesco doesn’t respond to the customers’ needs in a positive way, Tesco might lose their customers and this will prejudice the business and the shareholders won’t be very happy with this. The employees are the people who Tesco pays to provide service. Tesco need to provide their employees with good working conditions, reasonable hours and treat them fairly because otherwise the employee’s will not be happy at their job which could lead to them resigning. If Tesco employees start resigning for negative reasons then word could spread that Tesco have bad working conditions and that employees of Tesco are not treated fairly meaning Tesco may find it hard to find skilled staff. Suppliers are important to Tesco because they supply Tesco with the goods to sell. The suppliers will want good money for the goods they supply to Tesco; this is the reason why suppliers will have an interest in Tesco because they will want their products to sell well. If particular products don’t sell well in the Tesco stores Tesco might decide that it is not beneficial to them to buy these items any more resulting in the suppliers not making any profits. Financers such as are important because they lend money to Tesco to make there expansion of the business possible. By expanding the stores more interest in Tesco is created. By doing this, more customers will shop there when the expansion is completed meaning Tesco will make more profits. Dagenham Park Leisure Centre The local community will have a huge impact, because if there aren’t any individuals paying for using the facilities, there won’t be any profit for the business, so they have to provide good service and quality facilities so the community will be satisfied, the other reason why the local community is mportant is because the leisure centre was aimed for them, so if they don’t make use of it, the purpose of the organisation won’t be accomplished. The employees are very important, because the management in Leisure Centre is vital. The employees will get paid to provide services of all types (laundries, dance teaching, personal trainers, managers, etc. ). They also have to be provided will good working conditions, so they will be satisfied, otherwise they will resign and it will prejudice the Leisure Centre as there won’t be anyone to provide services to the community. Barking Dagenham council is a very important stakeholder, as they are part of the government they are funding the Leisure Centre and they will want that the Leisure Centre makes good profit and provides good service for the community. If it is the other way around, the Council might reduce facilities or even close the Leisure Centre due to the costs and if it happens it will affect the community as they will lose the facilities the Leisure Centre was providing and will also affect the employees as they will lose their jobs and become unemployed . Suppliers are important to the Leisure Centre because they supply the Leisure Centre with the goods for the restaurant and not only. The suppliers will want good money for the goods they supply; this is the reason why suppliers will have an interest in Leisure Centre because they will want their products to sell well, so they can keep selling their products to the Leisure Centre. If particular products don’t sell well, Leisure Centre might decide that it is not beneficial to them to buy these items any more resulting in the suppliers not making any profits. Trade unions might have an impact of a Leisure Centre. Many employees in the public sector belong to Trade Unions, so if the Government tries to fire an employee that belongs to a Trade Union, the Trade Union might get involved and it might even go to court, this can influence that the Government keeps their employees for longer.

God. Creator or Poet? :: Religion Religious God Essays

God. Creator or Poet? The Latin word â€Å"poet† means â€Å"creator†. Humans, realizing they are different from animals in the world, have been trying to rationalize things and themselves to the world ever since. Poets and writers used to come up with these far off imaginative ways of how to answer questions of life almost to explain it in a philosophical way. Who were the first humans? How did they come to be? What made the sun and the moon and the stars? Why the animals were made the way they were? What caused night and day, the seasons, the cycle of life itself? Why were some people greedy and some unselfish, some ugly and some handsome, some dull and some clever? As people pondered these questions and many more, they created stories that helped explain the world to their primitive minds. Storytellers told these tales again and again around the fires of the early tribes, by the hearth of humble cottages, before the great fire in the king's hall; they told them as they sat in the grass huts of the jungle, the Hogans of the Navajo, and the igloos of the Eskimo. Their children told them, and their children's children, until the stories were smooth and polished. And so people created their myths and their folktales, their legends and epics; the literature of the fireside, the poetry of the people, and the memory of humankind. They spoke what made them understand the unknown. However scholars choose to look at them, folktales and myths are literature derived from human imagination to explain the human condition. Literature today continues to express our concern about human strengths, weaknesses, and the individual's relationships to the world and to other people. This thought came up by Euhemerus in 300 B.C. He began the theory that once one war hero became respected and dies, people pass on their name while embellishing their heroic story. Soon, people forgot the fact that this hero was even human. Now, the hero was a God; an immortal God. The vast body of traditional literature was shaped verbally by generation after generation, simply because oral language was then the only language. (Even today, writing is far from universal. Of 2796 languages in the world, all have an oral form, but only about 153 have a written form.

Conveyer belt project parts Essay

The work breakdown structure essentially is a decomposition of the work to be completed by the project team in order to successfully accomplish the project objectives and deliverables. It’s a very practical tool to visualise the work that needs to be done, however that is about all it’s useful for. The information provided by the work breakdown structure is not enough to allow the project team to identify any milestones or points of significance in the project. At this stage each element of the project has only been identified, none of them have been time scheduled, cost estimated or placed in a definitive chronological order, making it difficult to identify any significant milestones. Network scheduling refers to the graphical representation of activities that define the sequence of work in a project. It is an important tool used to visualise the chronological order of activities needed to be completed in order to meet the project deliverables and objectives. The project team decided to use Microsoft project to develop the network schedule for the conveyer belt project. However before a network schedule could be produced it was necessary to enter some important information into Microsoft project. Firstly the work calendar had to be customised. It was necessary to ensure that work was only completed from Monday to Friday during an 8 hour work day and that all relevant public holidays which would affect work were accounted for. Below in Figure 1 is the work calendar in Microsoft project. Following this the project team could enter the estimated duration of each work package and place them in chronological order. With the conveyer belt project set to begin on the 4th of January 2010, Microsoft project estimated the project would be complete on the 2nd of February 2012 and would take a total of 530 days to finish. On the following page in Figure 2 is a gant chart produced by Microsoft project which illustrates the schedule of each activity in the project. It is quite clear that the network of the project isn’t very sensitive. Both the gant chart on the previous page and the network diagram at the end of this section show a clear critical path in red. Although there are some activities with only a few days slack, namely the assembly of preproduction models which only has 5 days slack, the remaining activities in the project not on the critical path have 30 or more days slack. If some of the activities were to delay it isn’t very likely that a lot of critical paths would develop since majority of the activities have a reasonable amount of slack. Utilities documentation is easily the most flexible of the activities since it has the largest amount of slack adding up to 115 days. Now that the project team had successfully developed a valid network schedule it is more convenient to identify significant milestones in the project. Besides the start and end dates, 4th January 2010 and 2nd February 2012 respectively, the project team was able to identify two other milestones listed below: †¢Integration First Phase and †¢System Hard/Software Test The first phase of integration was identified as a milestone since its start date is heavily reliant on so many other activities. Before integration first phase can even begin, six other activities preceding it must also be completed. In addition to this integration first phase is on the critical path, meaning if there were to be any delays which affected the start date of this activity then there would be a delay in the entire project. In contrary to this the system hard/software test was determined to be a significant milestone because it had so many activities reliant on its successful completion. Four other activities could not start until the system hard/software tests were completed. Similarly to integration first phase, the system hard/software tests also fall on the critical path, thus if there any delays on this activity it will delay the overall project and delay the start of other activities. Whilst creating the network schedule for the conveyer belt project we have been able to produce two useful graphical representation of the project schedule. Both a gant chart and a network diagram have been included in the report. Both are extremely useful tools to visualise how the project and its activities are scheduled but both are also inherently different. The Gantt chart is more useful in representing the timing of various tasks which are required to successfully complete the project where as the network diagram is more useful in identifying the various tasks of the project and ordering them in their chronological order. Both charts have their own advantages and disadvantages respectively. Below in Table 1 is a summary of both network schedules advantages and disadvantages.

Positive Response Action

Positive Response Action: The ultimate goal of website communication Summary Understanding and knowing the audience is the key to delivering the message to them. The key to harnessing the Internet’s power is to understand all of the people with whom one will communicate with. Every website should have one overriding, generic entity goal to achieve positive response action. Both content and usability can be viewed as as cognitive ? triggers? , gateways to self-gratification and consequent PRA.Every website may be classified into one of three sender motivation categories: individual, strategic stakeholder communication, non-strategic communication. Content of the article Knowing the audience is important in every field and the key to the success, for example in marketing and public relations if you want to sell your product you need to know your customers’ needs and wants, and PR specialists need to know the audience too if they want their message to be delivered in a cam paign or programme. And the key to a successful website is knowing the audence in the same way.If you know the audience you can deliver and present your message and information more efficiently and are more likely to achieve your goals. Positive response action should be the goal of a website otherwise there is no point of the site. Positive response action was defined by six website visitor positive outputs for example the time spent on the website which should tell if the visitor is satisfied but it could be also questioned, because maybe s/he is not satisfied and is spending longer time on the site because s/he can’ find the information s/he wanted.Examples from practice The objective of an individual’s website might simply be so s/he can say they have one: Many individuals and also companies have websites which are often half-finished and don’t contain a message and are just existing in the Internet. A website without a meaning could leave a wrong first impr ession of the company for example and leave the visitor unsatisfied. Graphics take often a massive amounts of memory: I have noticed that due to low-speed Internet many people find it irritating to use the social networking siteMyspace, it takes a lot of time to load the graphics as I have experienced myself and also read from other users’ comments, and many have stopped using the site because of that. „Make sure your website is fast to access and is not slowed down by large images or fancy gadgets†(Chung) : „Myspace is set up so that anyone can customize the layout and colors of their profile page with virtually no restrictions. As Myspace users are usually not skilled web developers, this can cause further problems.Poorly constructed Myspace profiles could potentially freeze up web browsers due to malformed CSS coding, or as a result of users placing many high bandwidth objects such as videos, graphics, and Flash in their profiles (sometimes multiple video s and sound files are automatically played at the same time when a profile loads). †[i] Currently (March 2011) Myspace has an estimated 34 million users compared to Facebook’s 600 million for example, the reason for lower popularity might be the inability to satisfy the users and offer them satisfying experience.Myspace was also named the worst website by PC World in the list of 25 worst websites ever. Dimensions of Customer Value of Website Communication in Business-To-Business Relationships Summary During the last decade, websites have become widely accepted means of communication in business-to-business relationships and their use and importance is increasing constantly. At the same time, internet technologies advance rapidly, increasing customer expectations of website characteristics and possibilities, pressuring companies to actively further invest in their websites.Also to justify the website investments, companies have to design websites that fit to their custom ers’ need. For that they need to understand the value of websites for customers to enable companies to meet customer needs and expectations, direct resources efficiently, predict customer behaviour and achieve sustainable competitive advantage. The study portrays seven dimensions of CV of website communication in business-to-business relationships: convenience, efficiency, competence, confidence, comfort, appreciation and enjoyment. Content of the articleI agree that the qualitative methods are the most suitable for uncovering customer value dimensions as they are more in-depth and provide a more rich description conversely to the quantitative methods which involve more statistical data. It is important to fulfill the customer desired end-states that the study brought out if you want to satisfy your consumers, such as convenience and efficiency because people like to get things easily without spending very much time, nowadays in the Internet age especially people are used to getting things fast and the one who offers information or products most conveniently gets the clients and profit.Also appreciation is an interesting point that was brought out because people like little details and like to get gifts, it could play an influential role in keeping the customers or winning them to your side. Although dimensions brought up in the article was limited to the customers in the study and don’t represent all the industries and customers, these dimensions generalize the dimensions which could apply to other contexts too.However I think more research should be done in this area as the importance of website communication is increasing and companies need to know what their customers want as websites are also often the first impression of the company. Examples from practice Websites have become widely accepted means of communication in business-to-business relationships: Time is money and the Internet offers the possibility to reach to the businesses more qu ickly and also find them more quickly as businesses also do their research online. ———————– [i] Retrieved from: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Myspace#Accessibility_and_reliability

Free Essays on Anne Frank

Anne Frank Anne Frank was born in Germany just before WWII. She was a young Jewish girl who hid away for two years in an attic in Amsterdam during the Holocaust. Her story is famous because her diary tells a story about her family during WWII. Anne Frank had a regular childhood. She was born on June 12, 1926 into a loving family of four, her father Otto, mother Edith, and sister Margot. Anne attended the Montessori School and had many friends as a child. Just like any other child, Anne had many hopes and dreams for the future. She dreamed of one day becoming a movie star or an author. Anne Frank had a childhood just like most children of her time. As Anne got older, Germany began to become unsafe for Jewish people. Anne and her family were forced to move from their home in Germany to Amsterdam where things were much safer. At her new home, Anne went to a school for Jewish children only, which was very different from her old school. From that point on in her life things in Amsterdam began changing for the worse. Different from most of her childhood, Anne’s teenage years were not very pleasant. At the age of thirteen she and her family, along with six other Jews, were forced to hide away in an attic away from Nazi control. For two long years Anne kept a diary, which she called â€Å"Kitty†. In her diary she wrote about her life in hiding. She told about her family’s struggle to stay quiet during the day so that they would not be heard. Hiding away in the attic for two years was quite difficult for Anne, at times she even felt like she wanted to go outside and run around. After two years of hiding away, Anne and the others that hid in the attic with her were discovered and taken into Nazi rule. Upon being caught Anne, now fifteen and her sister Margot were separated from the rest of the group. Anne and Margot were forced to do labor work with little food and harsh treatment in many concentration camps. Whi... Free Essays on Anne Frank Free Essays on Anne Frank Anne Frank Anne Frank was born in Germany just before WWII. She was a young Jewish girl who hid away for two years in an attic in Amsterdam during the Holocaust. Her story is famous because her diary tells a story about her family during WWII. Anne Frank had a regular childhood. She was born on June 12, 1926 into a loving family of four, her father Otto, mother Edith, and sister Margot. Anne attended the Montessori School and had many friends as a child. Just like any other child, Anne had many hopes and dreams for the future. She dreamed of one day becoming a movie star or an author. Anne Frank had a childhood just like most children of her time. As Anne got older, Germany began to become unsafe for Jewish people. Anne and her family were forced to move from their home in Germany to Amsterdam where things were much safer. At her new home, Anne went to a school for Jewish children only, which was very different from her old school. From that point on in her life things in Amsterdam began changing for the worse. Different from most of her childhood, Anne’s teenage years were not very pleasant. At the age of thirteen she and her family, along with six other Jews, were forced to hide away in an attic away from Nazi control. For two long years Anne kept a diary, which she called â€Å"Kitty†. In her diary she wrote about her life in hiding. She told about her family’s struggle to stay quiet during the day so that they would not be heard. Hiding away in the attic for two years was quite difficult for Anne, at times she even felt like she wanted to go outside and run around. After two years of hiding away, Anne and the others that hid in the attic with her were discovered and taken into Nazi rule. Upon being caught Anne, now fifteen and her sister Margot were separated from the rest of the group. Anne and Margot were forced to do labor work with little food and harsh treatment in many concentration camps. Whi...

Not Nice At All

Not Nice At All Not Nice At All Not Nice At All By Sharon My high school English teacher banned the use of the word nice. She said it was a lazy adjective. Although she was a bit harsh, there was some truth in what she said. It is said that nice originates from the Latin nescio meaning I dont know. So what Mrs C was getting at was that if you used the word nice, you probably didnt know what to say. Even after Roman times, nice just wasnt a good word to use. In the 13th century it meant foolish, so saying someone was nice was insulting rather than complimentary. Through the centuries nice had different meanings, including timid, extravagant, elegant, wanton, dainty, strange, thin, modest, shy and precise (this last meaning still survives in the phrase nice and early). By the 18th century the meaning had started to change to the more modern sense of agreeable or kind. That still didnt cut any ice with my English teacher, though, who remained opposed to using nice all through my school career. How many synonyms can you find for nice? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Program vs. ProgrammeFor Sale vs. On SaleConversational Email

Economics case assignment module 01 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Economics case assignment module 01 - Essay Example This reflects the company’s high premium on supply and demand. It also values customers by giving many incentives that will attract new buyers and maintain old ones. To further the relationship between Wal Mart and Economics, the term Efficiency, Technology , and Price were chosen since these are actually some of the factors that have contributed to the growth of this business. The first term efficiency denotes achieving the maximum potential of an output ( products or services) that is brought by the resources and technology. An organization as big as Wal Mart would not be able to thrive in the market if it isn’t efficient. It’s expansion even to other countries benefits much from the ability of the organization to harness the potential of its resources. One of its focus is human resource management which equips its employees the skills that increase their efficiency in delivering services to the customers, thereby, producing favorable results as seen from their growth. Even having their own fleet of trucks dramatically increased their efficiency in supplying their stores. The term Technology complements the efficiency of Wal-Mart since this business has proven that one of the contributing factors for its efficiency is technology. A concrete example would be its direct access to P&G that enables it to replace its shelves four times faster than the competition; thus , approving that efficiency is highly correlated with technology. The third term price implies that sellers and buyers must agree on the exchange of products and services. In the same manner, Wal Mart has met the price that the consumers are willing to pay for since its prices are low. Interestingly, this is again a contribution of efficiency since the company keep the costs very minimal because of the logistics system that they have. Their efficiency in

How to make university more international Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How to make university more international - Essay Example Foreign students, while in lectures, are comfortable sharing with their comrades. Once classes are up, they tend to retreat into their respective ethnic and cultural cocoons (Wu, 2012). This is damaging to the principle of integration of the academic community that University education is grounded on. Universities in the East and Africa have also introduced original, western sports curricular in their programs. This has led to foreign students feeling welcome. Universities in India, for example, have introduced Soccer to integrate foreign students from Europe. This has seen over 80% of Indian sub-continent Universities introducing Soccer into their sports curriculum (SuaÃŒ rez, 2007). While lack of foreign sport is not a problem per se, it is a limitation that, if addressed in the right manner could have a dramatic impact on the University’s social community. The best way to introduce this into schools would be via provision of funding for the construction of new sport gymnasiums and playfields, while also increasing funding for research into these sports, since sports science is not a priority in Eastern countries (SuaÃŒ rez, 2007). Naturally, this would start with one sport that would act as the pilot project. A review of its success after a set period would act as a pointer at the potential foreign sport has in integrating foreign students fully into University programs & curriculum. Introduction of foreign sports on campus grounds would achieve much more than integration. Foreign teams that specialize in this sport would provide funding for sport science studies, with native students benefiting from this via increased funds to the University sport kitty. Native students would also be encouraged to try their hand at these games. Examples include Tae Kwon do from Korea, Ping pa from China, and American football. Since some are Olympic Games, foreign athletes would use the facilities for training, thus giving native students who try their hand at these

Biology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Biology - Essay Example The other is the â€Å"good cholesterol† which is contained within the high-density lipoprotein and is considered to have beneficial actions on the human beings. Cholesterol can have good effects on the human body and it is because of this that the researchers have termed it as being beneficial under some set conditions. What this means is that cholesterol has got a physiological role in the human body and thus anything in excess is pathogenic and could lead to the harmful effects that come part and parcel with cholesterol. As per the good aspects, we find out that the metabolism of cholesterol is regulated and controlled by enzymes that are different in nature and shape as well as the receptors present within the human body. Cholesterol makes for an effective transferring process of the proteins which are present within the liver, small intestine, peripheral cells and plasma. Cholesterol helps in digestion of dietary fats as well as the production of many different hormones. There is evidence that with the increase of high-density lipoprotein within the human body, longevity could be expected, which surely is a positive sign related with ch olesterol. Cholesterol always helps in building the cell walls and is thus a good agent within the human body from this perspective. For cholesterol to always remain as a beneficial entity there is a dire need to have its intake in a very conservative fashion so that the related excess does not create coronary heart disease and other risks which are closely associated. Cholesterol is an equally good building block as far as Vitamin D is concerned. It helps the sex hormones and different important chemicals are made up due to the presence of cholesterol. Also cholesterol helps at building the structure as well as the function of the invaginated caveole and the clathrin-coated pits. There is a serious role of cholesterol within the synthesis and intake regimes of a human diet and is synthesized

Discuss The Importance Of Copyright Media Essay

Discuss The Importance Of Copyright Media Essay The highly digitalised era that we live in has had a profound effect on the way we all access music, were over exposed to it, many of the traditional boundaries have been eroded and attitudes to consuming music are constantly being changed . Music today is a mere commodity and obtaining any aesthetic value such as we saw a generation ago with the LP or CD is extremely hard. Indeed, it is extremely hard to fix music to a source in its current MP3 format and the speed of access of technology is serving to create a hypermodernity nature  [1]   The dramatic rise in music piracy via the internet networks correlates directly with the decline in of traditional formats and in general the downturn in music sales. The intangible nature of the format and the decline in fair use  [2]  threatens to undermine the frameworks of copyright which is essentially the currency in which artists operate and can make a living, as Greenfield and Osborne note, copyright is the vehicle that drives the music industry  [3]   With large record companies such as EMI constantly postings losses  [4]  coupled with their reliance in exploiting their publishing subsidiaries copyright of back catalogues, is the music business now unsustainable? Have we moved into the era of the independent label and start-ups like sliceofthepie.com, indeed is the very structure of the record company under threat and can a copyright actually work in a digitalised world? Speaking with key up starters within the industry and analysing up to date documents and policy I which to establish the relevance of copyright In the current climate, and more importantly whose interests does it serve the musician or the company? Has copyright become outdated in the digitalised world or is new legalisation able reclaim rights that have been eroded by the huge expanse in the digitalised MP3 format. The UK background In 1709 the statute of Anne, whose full working title was conceived as An Act for the Encouragement of Learning, by vesting the Copies of Printed Books in the Authors or purchasers of such Copies, during the Times therein   [5]  sought in an elementary manner to provide a basis of rights protection to the producer of a literary piece and of equal importance set the very foundations of modern intellectual property law. This framework protected the authors work for up to 14 years and after the expiration of the term, it became part of the public domain of work and operated primarily on a publisher-to-publisher basis. A key point of discussion in the legal framework of copyright as a product stems from the story of the French composers in a Parisian cafe.  [6]  Not only does it capture the notion of modernity but it also generated much discussion. Essentially the message outlined in this instance remains the same today. How can a composer keep his work his own and protect from o ther would be entrepreneurs especially if they witness an opportunity for profit overseas. In some part the Berne convention deals with this, essentially, it requires signatories to act multilaterally in recognition of copyrighted works; therefore, a UK song would be protected in a country who has signed up. So this really expanded the initial ideas and provided a western union which currently has the signatories of 164 countries  [7]   Domestic UK law 1911 the law was extended to include early forms of music and sound recordings, indeed, in chronological analysis of copyright, its apparent that the legal system keeps a close reign on new forms of emerging media, alternatively speaking; copyright is heavily connected with the market for information and new innovation  [8]  This suggests that the law may have been connected with technological advancements but there has been countless examples of a transient phase in which the law has been slow to react. Individuals and publishers look to capitalise on the interim period between legislation and use it to their advantage for example i Finally then we arrive with the 1988 copyright designs and patterns act of the United Kingdom which with its amendments are the current statutes in operation. The 1988 framework sought to develop a number of key factors; chiefly it provides value to the industry in the sense that musical work is theoretically bound for 70 years and sound recordings and broadcasts 50 years. So in effect, this added a limit to exploitative life of a piece of creative work falling subsequently into the public domain whilst balancing the public and private domain. In relation to the explosion in the digital market, especially the internet, the law did not provide adequate protection for authors, artist, and the creative sector as a whole. The European Unions copyright directive of 2001 in particular article 6  [9]  led to a formal amendment in the domestic law The idea of fair use in first generated here, in essence means that certain use of a copyrighted material in certain circumstances does not constitute as infringement  [10]  and as outlined in PIP law that sufficient acknowledgement is required when using a copyrighted item.  [11]  So for example if an individual was researching or providing a critique of a particular act and required a copy of their material to formulate thought ,then under the concept of fair use one would be able to copy for personal home use. Such a concept does to an extent relies on the good will of the individual not to make duplicate copies and profit from them, especially as since 1988 the pace that one can access and distribute a piece a music has advanced tenfold, I continue with looking to see if fair use can be more encompassing, in the digital world late on but firstly I feel its important to establish the value chain of the entrepreneur in the digitalised world. Adding Value Firstly, the overwhelming problem when applying IP to the digitalised world of music is what exactly is the value in copyright and how can you accurately measure it. Large consultancy companies such as intangible businesses  [12]  seek to unravel the value IP. A key consideration  during the process of copyright valuation is to understand the notion of what drives the value of the copyright. For instance, a living musician generally supports their back catalogue of recordings through personal appearances and new releases, buoying their copyright valuation. After their death or after the musician stops recording their copyright  value  may diminish more rapidly than expected, as the support is no longer there.  [13]  Today the control of works in tyied up in a ever decreasing number of companies. 80% of the world market in sound recording is controlled by five record companies  [14]  who also all have extensive publishing arms and who part of large multinational companies. For example, Time Warner also owns AOL  [15]  So The traditional model in value attribution and copyright is demonstrated in figure 1 (see appendix). An artist creates a composition and then can strike a deal with a music publisher who effectively purchases a stake and in turn offers various channels of promotion in return or can give 100% rights to the Performing Rights Society (PRS) and go it alone. As Roger Wallis discusses music, publishers in the past were concerned with printing and distributing sheet music and sought to persuade artists and record companies to perform and record the songs that they represented.  [16]  As sheet music production deteriorated so the economic value that a composer could possibly receive from a collection agency fell too, essentially any particular format is dictated by its social importance at any given time. Therefore, for a popular artist to produce sheet music today is likely to produce only limited revenue, many publishers only seek to produce in order to broadcast the technical value of their work and provide authenticity and technique to the artists current catalogue. In reference to the traditional value chain of IP the use of mechanical rights needs clarifying. If a track is used on a physical product released by the record company then potential returns can be up to 8.5% of the wholesale price of the product, this distribution process is overseen in the UK by MCPS now a part of PRS. Although this initially appears a high rate of return, I would argue that these high figures of return are unattainable for the vast majority of artists and that the whole distribution royalty system is symbolic of a top-heavy pyramid. In 2005 2,700 composers and songwriters earned  £328m, this is an average of  £121,481 per person.  [17]  Clearly, a select few artists are obtaining most of the money. This is very much an area where we have all witnessed a huge loss in potential earnings for the artist at the bottom of the pyramid, because of digitalisation has taken hold copyright value in relation to the tangible product. Been lost and although one can still expect earnings from royalties there very much now limited Although such amounts from use of an artist property appear drastically diminished with the emergence of new technologies, new collecting societies for the distribution of revenues have emerged an example being iTunes. Any artist regardless of whether they are signed to a publishing deal can expect to receive royalties if their music is downloaded and as ill discuss later I believe The traditional model of value attribution is becoming more fragmented and hard there is a series of new value chains emerging which are replacing the traditional model. The situation today Im dealing with small band as the entrepenuer My first case study focuses on Johnny Tams, guitarist, songwriter and producer with Gold Teeth The band have enjoyed a successful period of late. Their debut single has featured on national radio networks such as Radio 1 and digital networks such as XFM, NME Radio and BBC Radio 6 and subsequently they have been on two nationwide tours. The band have a management deal and as a part of this a percentage of revenue generated from royalties goes to them also worth noting is the band have no record or publishing deal. What I am aiming to establish is whether in the digitalised world copyright has any incentive in the creation of music. Firstly the bands management company, monster music management, do not seek to exploit the bands rights instead they are focused on taking a cut from live performance and online music sales; indeed they actively promote the free download of their songs using websites such as MySpace. Since an incalculable amount of people can get access to the songs the ban ds reputation could rapidly expand, indeed as the internet is global the band could tap into emergent markets a decade a go that would have been unknown to them. For a young band member like Johnny the internet is an additional market without the constraints of copyright and a way of opting out of the highly exploitative nature of a publishing deal. It provides a new model, a type of counter culture and is an ever increasing trend even amongst established acts. Radiohead for example pioneered this new terrain. The release of 2004s In Rainbows marked the beginning of an internet only pay what you like model. Having fulfilled a 6 album contract with EMI which started in 1994,  [18]  Radiohead no doubt felt the constraints of an old system were affecting their creativity. In the following quote, Thom Yorke, the lead singer of Radiohead points to not only the tired rights model but to an industry on the verge of disaster ; I like the people at our record company, but the time is at hand when you have to ask why anyone needs one. And, yes, it probably would give us some perverse pleasure to say Fuck you to this decaying business model  [19]   With the pay what you want release of In Rainbows, Radiohead received and were in full control of direct rights. They used publishers Warner Chappell as a consultancy to create a new distribution and rights model and begin to reorder the traditional value chain. In a press statement the CEO of Warnel/Chappell says; These new ways are iconoclastic in nature; they acknowledge the realities of a digital society and they challenge existing commercial assumptions. It is in this spirit that band and publisher are working together.  [20]   For Radiohead it was perhaps the combination of their leftist persona and of a large number of other situational factors that contributed to the emergence of this particular model. They were well aware of the current situation and that their work is widely circulated using P2P networks. Radiohead cleverly packaged the product by adding an additional experience, in this case a countdown website and a Speight of cryptic emails. In doing this they were able to draw upon the fact that human beings will actually pay for something if they deem it of value, as data gathered by gig wise suggests Radiohead actually recouped on average  £4 per download.  [21]  It is also testament to the inginuentive trailblazing nature of the model that the band was able to generate revenue from a particular moment in the constant changing process that is digitalisation. In suggesting this its easy to imagine a small band with out the financial clout really struggling to adopt such an approach. At the time of release all of the appropriate measures were taken to ensure that traditional collection methods with PRS were in place although the band has their own studio, these proved key to covering distribution cost which the band had funded themselves. The band also generated a significant income from an extensive world tour which since their last tour in 2004 has significantly higher ticket prices. Many theorists have suggested that creating such a model leads to a large amount of positive externalities  [22]  in which revenue can be potentially generated from the free distribution of music. For example the short term sacrifice in costs associated with making an album and releasing it for free may giveaway to unprecedented media exposure and Tours which venture into new territories. In the digital world many bands rely on these externalities to suvuve. In recent years major global labels have caught on to the potential revenue in externalalitie such as image rights and many larger acts are viewed as a brand image. This is defensive measure in securing revenue in an age when value once associated with copyright protection of works is no longer present. Its now commonplace for record companies to adopt an exploitative approach as a defensive measure in the climate of perceived threat of lost revenue. This happens in both in terms of minor and major artists and has been dubbed the 360 deal  [23]  Its increasingly commonplace for a small aspiring young band to be offered this type of deal. Labels play upon a young artists naivety by offering them a large sum of cash up front. In return labels demand a cut of their future earnings as a brand, everything from merchandise to tour revenue. A similar process but with more at stake happens with major recording artists.  [24]  Subsequently there has been a call for independent legal advice body as a necessary intermediately channel before the signing of contracts. Although well established superstar acts such as Radiohead have successfully pioneered a way of generating revenue, cutting out the middle men and protecting their rights, Johnnys band Gold Teeth may find it considerably more of a challenge in protecting their intellectual property by moving in such channels. Firstly, and most obviously, they simply dont have the mass audience or level of resource that established bands have. Secondly, copyright today, is viewed by many as actually putting an unnecessary constraint on young artists. Photographic orality  [25]  an idea developed by Toynbee suggests that putting young artists under the constraints of copyright is actually counterproductive in generating creativity. Artists at the early stage borrow and draw upon other musical influences to establish their particular sound. This well may be true; indeed Gold Teeth as soon as their first and most popular  [26]  single was recorded and distributed were formally advised by a major label to change a 12 second rhyme section as it sounded too similar to a band they manage the right for. They werent purposefully adopting a bands sound more subsconsiously adopting an influence. The problem of unknowingly sampling without adopting due consent may become more prevalent especially if we couple the rigidality of current copyright with the financial situation major labels are in. Gold Teeth are entrepreneurs of their times, digital in every sense the band have never released anything physical, and they view the internet as a new field of opportunity. Their music is readily available to download for free on MySpace or via ITunes, where an individual track costs 79p. Gold Teeth havent received any revenue from Apple instead relying on live gigs and PRS for rights based revenue  [27]  . Although it prides itself as a digital medium no money has actually filtered back to the smaller artists who make it work. Sceptism arises with Apple and ITunes as the chief rights holder for music on the internet. Unlike publishing companies Apple has no legacy in music. Its chief goal is in the development of hardware and is clearly driven by the profits associated with this, Acquiring the permission to sell music online is only present to enhance the ITunes experience. Apple also has the ability to manipulate an artists work without infringing copyright for example Apple puts emphasis on the download of single songs therefore destroying the feel of an album. It also uses the AAC format to stop the copying and sharing of its files. This file is unique to ITunes and requires an apple product to play it, although this protects against copying it also privatizes the digital economy If digital transactions are inevitably to become the standard way of operating in music then a new procedure in balancing the rights of the consumer and the artist have to be put in place. Also a level of regulation is required to protect New distribution models for a digitalised world At the beginning of the last decade Lawrence Lessig developed the creative commons model. It seeks to weaken copyright for the creative good of the artist, offering alternative ways of licensing. As part of the copy left licensing movement it builds upon the ideas of fair use, first brought into the legal jurisdiction of the UK in the EU directive of 2001. Essentially it allows artists to protect their work in the digital world, with which the required level of copyright protection that they see fit. Some artists may be aware of the inefficiencies of the current laws and do not want an All Rights Reserved printed on their works. Some might want a Some Rights Reserved or even a No Rights Reserved  [28]  Drawing upon this the model has four choices in licensing their music these are, Attribution, No Derivative Works, Non Commercial and Share Alike. A well informed music entrepreneur, in this case Gold Teeth are aware that potentially file distribution and mass circulation of ones m usic is not only inevitable has the potential to actually gain more financial success in the long run. If they chose the No Derivative license they would centrally register their work with creative commons, any sharing or distribution of their work wouldnt count as infringement as long is it remained true to the original sound. These labels offer clear and consise boundaries in which consumers and bands can operate. The model also offers founders copyright, this relates to the statute of Anne and offers 14 years of rights protection. Upon expiration, another single term of 14 years can be obtained therefore the model that work entering the public domain in a reduced time period gives rise to creative expression and adaptation. Adoption of such ideas would allow artists to be more expressive, sample and operate efficiently because of a more flexible attitude to protecting their property. Finally, given the economics of the digital world and the Attitudes to file sharing small bands should actively adopt digitalisation simply because distribution methods are much more efficient. Radiohe ad have successfully proved that promoting musical works over the internet is a positive updated method. If more bands follow the growing suit the major inefficiency of the respective deadweight loss through a copyright monopoly would be abolished at least in this end-consumer market and thus the dilemma be ameliorated a lot.  [29]   Within the past few years, there has been a huge surge in online music start-up companies. Where as the creative commons approach provides an alternative way in licensing ones music, Sliceofpie.com brings the whole processes of AR, Marketing and Financing a band onto one centralised domain whilst providing a high level of transparency to proceedings via a social networking platform. It allows a user to invest in a band by buying shares, the band upload tracks to increase popularity and eventually release an album, which is available for investors. Investors can adopt the role of an entrepreneur by watching their investment grow, The band and investors are therefore entered into a mutual partnership with an investors cut taken from any future externalities. This benefits the artist as it eliminates the exploitation of rights by the publisher, much like the model Radiohead pioneered but also provides finance for the band. The bands the Alps from Greenwich received  £21,000 to record their debut album from fans on slice the pie and were the first band to release an album using the process. The Alps own their own record label Elusive Music, are self-managed and oversee most of their business internally.  [30]  Speaking with lead singer and songwriter Daniel Hepinstall , its clear that protection of his IP is paramount. In this day and age what can one do? We decided to go all out and step out the box of the old music model and try something new. I have been in bands before where labels and publishers have hounded us for a piece of our rights. This models different, the fans choose, its more fair. The ability of a fan base to pave an artists career is not necessarily the ideal solution, but instead a mere step in the right direction. Music fans notoriously switch allegiances and loose interest, just ask any reader of trendsetter NME. Secondly, the main problem is that any alternative approach in protecting rights for the artist has to directly compete in an environment dominated by a dying model. As unsustainable as they are, the large fees put upfront and the PR avenues on offer from record labels are still impossible to match by sites such as slicethepie. Many of the acts from slicethepie achieve success but its relatively moderate in comparison to traditional methods, although more acts are give the chance to express their music to a digital audience with protected rights . Its important not to over criticise the potential in sites such as slicethepie as they are very much in their infancy. As I mentioned earlier, the industry, technology and legislation function together, If much needed copyright reform eventually occurs, then a new method would be able to capitalise. What is important to remember is that investors with slicethepie are believers in the music, they actively seek success for the bands. With the resulting rise in digitalisation, this notion has all too easily been eroded. Digital Rights Act, a missed opportunity? Downloading today and the systemic disregard for copyright law has reached widespread level. A recent Panorama investigation  [31]  suggests that 61% of 14-21 year olds download music on a regular basis and as a result,  £200 million a year in revenue is lost.  [32]  These figures directly correlate with the financial position we see many of the major labels in today, as a result there has been a huge move to tighten up copyright law even further.. Indeed, in a recent UN report suggests that on a multilateral the problem requires urgent attention, the following quote highlights this. Naturally, the control of illegal entrepreneurs with factories producing pirate CDs and recorded cassettes must be a major priority in all countries  [33]   Increasing the law past the 1988 and 2001 statutes is something that many industry bodies have been lobbying the government to do. Change in legislation is the only way to recoup lost revenue, Laura Marling: Illegal downloaders shouldnt be criminalised

Ecopsychology Essay -- Religion Ecology Papers

Ecopsychology You do not have to be good. You do not have to walk on your knees for a hundred miles through the desert, repenting. You only have to let the soft animal of your body love what it loves. Tell me about despair, yours, and I will tell you mine. Meanwhile the world goes no. Meanwhile the sun and the clear pebbles of rain are moving across the landscapes, over the prairies and the deep trees, the mountains and the rivers. Meanwhile the wild geese, high in the clean blue air, are heading home again. Whoever you are, no matter how lonely, the world offers itself to your imagination, calls to you like the wild geese, harsh and exciting- over and over announcing your place in the family of things. "Wild Geese" by Mary Oliver Mary Oliver's (Clinebell, 1996, p.188) poem has a lot to say about the relatively new approach to conservation called ecopsychology. Ecopsychology combines the human element from psychology, with the study of how biological systems work together from ecology. A more in depth explanation of ecopsychology is that it seeks to help humans experience themselves as an integral part of nature (Strubbe 1997). When this is accomplished, humans can proceed to commit to "helping heal the earth, as well as healing ourselves" (Strubbe 1997, p. 293). In the past, environmental action has consisted of scaring and shaming those who over consume or do not recycle, which proved to be quite ineffective. Ecopsychology, in contrast, attempts to create positive and affirming motivations, derived from a bond of love and loyalty to nature (Bayland, 1995). Before tackling the principles, religious aspects, therapy, actions and education included in ecopsychology, it is essential to unde... ...ting a more earth-friendly human nature. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press. Mander, Jerry. (1991). In the Absence of the Sacred. San Francisco: Sierra Book Club. Miller, D. Patrick. (1994). The Voice of the Earth. The Sun, 220, 6-10. Roszak, Theodore (1995). Ecopsychology: Restoring the Earth, Healing the Mind. New York: Sierra Press. "My Shrink, My Sequoia" Self, September 1994. Spilner, Maggie. (1997). Connecting with Nature. Walker's World, 128-132. Strubbe, Bill. (1997). The World as Self, The Self as World. World & I. [Online], 12 (6), 12 pages. Available: http//insite.palni.edu/WebZ/FETCH:fulltext.html [1998, September 10]. Tarkan, Laurie. (1997). Nurtured by Nature. Shape, 16 (7), 32. White, Jonathan (1994). The Unreturning Arrow. In Talking on Water: Conversations about Nature and Creativity. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books.

Independent Employer Essay

An independent contractor is the worker whose taxes are not withheld or paid by the employer. Joshua is an independent contractor not an employee. Elements such as behavioral, financial and type of employment relationship will help us in determining who Joshua is. First, the Ark Bark has no full control over what Joshua does. This is evident from the point that he still deals with the other business enterprises as the sales person and even the VP of the company Fred Flood accepts the fact the Joshua makes his own decisions about his work in the company. Schneir and James (1999) view a person whose duties are not controlled by the company as an independent contractor. Dealing with the financial issue, we can vividly see that the business aspects of Joshua’s job are not fully controlled by the Ark Bark. Though, there is a bit of confusion in this area because Ark Bark chipped in to foot the travel expenses, business cards among others. These are just minor expenses. If he was an employee, he could have not incurred the greater business expenses, instead the employer could. The type of employment relationship also confirms that Joshua is an independent contractor. First there is no written contract for the contract between the two parties. Broadhurst Emily holds that, even though one can enter into a contract with the employee even minus a written document, it is mandatory that the person be provided with the staff handbook. Joshua’s claim that he was still winding up with the former companies was illogical for an employee. For one to be an employee, the contract between the employee and the employer is never gradual. Therefore, the fact that he accepted the contract while still holding onto the other jobs indicates that he was an independent contractor, who is not under any obligation of Ark Bark. What the company could do to make Joshua an independent contractor. If the company had an intention of making Joshua an independent contractor, they ought to have laid a better business contract for him. It was the duty of the company to keep to the employment Act of 1963 (passed in 1972 Act). This Act defines employees must be given written evidence on the major issues related to terms of employment, this include the mode of payment. This could have saved the controversies erupting over with the $2,500 was a salary or commission The company could as well fill the form SS-8 (PDF) with IRS to be certain about the work status of Joshua for the purposes of taxation. According to Barry and Jeffrey (1992), the form critically reviews the workers status based on the circumstances of employment. It was unnecessary for the company to provide other services like paying for printed stationery and business cards and travel expenses, when they intended to make him an independent contractor. Doing this creates some confusion since for an independent contractor; the company should not provide any tool of operation for the worker. This kind of confusion is tackled in Philip Inman’s (1999) scheme regarding payment between contractors and the employers. Are there ethical issues in the company’s action? No, there are no ethical issues involved. The way the company is trying to treat the man is unethical, according George Richard’s (1999) opinion on business ethics, even if the contract was made orally, it was better for the business to provide a staff handbook or any other written material indicating the terms of employment. The company breached law of a fair employment contract. Actually, if the intention of the company was to have Joshua as an independent contractor, what was the need of terminating his services when he claimed that he was winding down his links with the former companies? This is ethically unaccepted because it leads to harassment. According to Bowie, Norma (1999), business should not be accompanied with harassment. It is not very clear that why Joshua was terminated. But the obvious reason is due to the poor relationship between him and the company. Broadhurst Emily (2005) argues that such an act is unlawful since the law provides protection against unfair dismissal. Other than terminating his services, the company could have embarked on solving grievances at the work place as described by Broadhurst Emily. This could better their relationship instead. Is there room to alter the relationship? Yes there is room to make things different, but very limited. I say very limited because, Joshua is already out of Ark Bark company. If he was still a worker in the company, the company could simply revise the relationship bit, translate the contract in writing and forward details to the IRS. This could justify whether Joshua is an independent contractor or not. At the same time, I say that there is limited room since there are no legal issues preventing Joshua from re-applying to be an employer of the company. The success or failure of the re-union lies with the two parties.

A Summary of Robert Harris’ Pompeii Essay

The novel â€Å"Pompeii† is basically about one of the most famous natural calamities in known history, the explosion of Mount Vesuvius. Robert Harris should be commended for the immense research that he had infused in the text, both on history and engineering. Readers are treated to a blast to the past particularly during the time of the Romans. The timeline of the narrative is set a few days before the infamous eruption of Mount Vesuvius, an explosion said to be more powerful than the atomic bombs of Hiroshima, an explosion that lasted for a whole day and a whole night. The book is rich in vivid description of the setting, tension between characters, and subtle twist and turns. These elements amalgamate to produce an effect of heavy build-up which would make the novel as explosive as an angry volcano, and yet at the same time undeniably stunning. Throughout the text, enriching history and impressive engineering details are interwoven. This aspect of the novel was particularly interesting because readers would realize and appreciate the importance of aqueducts. The novel shared that it was the ingenious water supply that enabled the Romans to prosper amidst the hot climate. The novel was also written in a modern tone that made it easy to follow. And just like the effect of â€Å"Titanic†, the readers of â€Å"Pompeii† already knew that the volcano is about to explode, but the characters do not. This aspect of the novel is one effective technique to keep the readers turning the pages. Characters Attilius – is the hero of the story. A young engineer from a family of aqueduct engineers. An intelligent person who actions are always guided by reason. He still mourns the death of his wife. Pliny the elder- leader of the fleet who helped Atillius to get to Pompeii. The character in the novel is actually a real figure in history. Revered as a person of knowledge and leadership. Corelia – the young daughter of Ampliatus. The object of affection Attilius. Reminded him of his deceased wife. Exomnius – The aquarius who mysterious vanished without notice. Later in the plot, it would be revealed that Exomnius was a corrupt aquarius in connivance with the more corrupt Ampliatus. Ampliatus – The main antagonist of the story. A former slave turned rich through claiming the properties of his dead master. A greedy and self-righteous businessman. Could only be described as selfish and detestable. Corax – Subordinate of Attilius whose job is overseer. Looks down on Ampliatus probably because of he is older. Brebix – A strong hardworking man who respects Attilius’ position Massavo – a porter with a large head. He posses a cheery attitude. Plot The protagonist of the story is Marcus Attilius Primus. He was assigned to be the aquarius of major aqueduct, the Agua Agusta, which was sixty mile aqueduct. This was an important task because the Agua Agusta is the source of water to all the cities in the Bay of Naples. Even though the task at hand is tremendous, Attilius was determined to do the job. It seems that aqueduct engineering is running through the veins of Attilius. He came from a family of aqueduct engineers. He is a quite a young engineer, even his physical appearance does not lie about his young age. He is viewed by his subordinates as too young to be an aquarius at his age of 27. The term â€Å"aquarius† pertains to the title given to the main engineer of the aqueduct, the one who responsible for the aqueduct. An aquarius could translate to hydraulics engineer. His youth made it difficult for him to gain the respect that he deserve from his work gang. With Attilius in command, his subordinates acted and did their job underperforming, as if it was against their will. One of his subordinates heckled â€Å"boys should stick to their books† (Harris 3). But of all his subordinates, it was Corax, the overseer, who had given him a difficult time. The plot would gain momentum when Attilius received a new assignment. A stack of mystery would build up in the plot. From this point on, the novel would have a detective-story-like taste to it. Attilius reasoning and his talent in problem solving is put to the test. Then comes a mystery that would make Attilius wonder. The previous aquarius of the aqueduct (named Exominus) had mysteriously disappeared. In addition, the area, which the aqueduct is suppose to supply water, is experiencing drought. And as additional concern, fishes die because of the water. Attilius investigates the mystery of why the fishes had been dying. He soon discovers that there was sulfur on the water and the substance was killing the fishes. During this point of the text, Numerius Popidius Ampliatus, the main antagonist, enters the scene. He was a former slave who was liberated when his master died in an earthquake. Ampliatus accumulated his riches by claiming the properties of his deceased master. He seemed to got away with his mischief because no relative came to claim the properties. Actually, it was Ampliatus who was the owner of the fishery where the fishes were killed due to the sulfur contamination. He blamed the slave responsible for the fishery. It should be noted that the fishes that were killed were of the expensive kind. And in a truly villanous act, he fed his own slave to eels. He even seemed to enjoy the sight of the slave being devoured by the eels. As he himself were not born as a slave. Then Corelia tried to save the poor slave. Corelia was a charming, young, and kind woman. The irony in her character is that she is the daughter of the detestable Ampliatus. When Attilius saw Corelia, the woman immediately reminded him of his deceased wife. And from there on, their romance would bloom gradually. Readers would soon witness what Ampliatus is really planning. The villain wants to be the provider of water to Pompeii. In his evil plan, he was in connivance with Exomnius, the aquarius who disappeared. Exomnius was actually corrupt and was stealing from the imperial treasury. Amidst all of these mysteries, the receding flow of water to the Bay of Naples had entirely stopped flowing from the aqueduct. And because he was the aquarius, Attlius had to find a the source of the problem. He concluded that there must have been a blocked section of the aqueduct. Attilius would receive some help from Pliny the Elder. Pliny the Elder was the commander of the fleet that was docked in Misenum. From then on, Attilius organized an expedition to go to Pompeii with the mission of clearing of the blocked section of the aqueduct. During this part of the narrative, Pliny the Elder’s characteristics seemed to mirror that of Attilius. The former was a man of knowledge and of good leadership. The same goes for the latter, but he seemed a little bit unrefined probably because of his young age. The line â€Å"Pliny never had difficulty in issuing for it was the essence of his command† is in contrast to how Attilius was treated by his subordinates during the initial portion of the novel (173). Attilius and Pliny the Elder discovered that there were thousands of Roman coins (or sesterces) at the bottom of the aqueduct. They also realized that Exomnius was plotting to retrieve the coins for himself. Then the complications stated earlier in the novel had started to resolve themselves. Corelia brings Attilius documents that would put a stop to his father’s wrong doings. Then the highlight of the novel would be of course the eruption of Vesuvius. Pompeii and neighboring was completely ravaged. Ampliatus died because he did not want to leave his property. He was truly a greedy man until the very end. Pliny the Elder also died while helping other people to safety. Attilius went back to save Coreliia not mind the risk. The two somehow managed to locate each other. And even though they had tried, escape was seemingly impossible. Fortunately, Attilius knows the underground passageways below the aqueduct. Water was already filling in, they decided to dig even though they know they could be either drowned or buried alive. The book concluded with Attilius and Coreila managing to dig their way through the aqueduct. It was not cleared as to whether the two had survived. However, the last sentence says that there was a man and a woman who came forth the ruined aqueduct after the explosion. Conclusion The complications that Attilius had to face became microscopic when it was compared to the eruption of Vesuvius. The story is derived from one of the most famous natural calamities in history. Fortunately, the novel was far from being a disaster but rather a stunning showcase of how could nature silence us in our petty concerns. Work Cited Harris, Robert. Pompeii. NY: Random House. 2003